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经济观察：再造一个新广东，民企如何发力？******

　　(经济观察)再造一个新广东，民企如何发力？

　　中新社广州2月3日电 (孙秋霞)作为中国改革开放的先行地，2022年广东地区生产总值(GDP)超12.9万亿元(人民币，下同)，连续34年位居全国第一。如今广东，量的增长到了平台期，亟需取得质的突破。近日，“制造业起家”的广东在全省高质量发展大会上提出“制造业当家”，实现“再造一个新广东”。

　　民营企业作为广东的生力军应当如何作为？业内人士近日接受中新社记者采访时指出，拼价格、拼土地、拼劳动力的粗放式增长已不可持续，广东民营企业要进入各自产业链的中高端，应用数字技术进行转型升级，同时通过国际化发展做全球生意。

　　过去五年来，广东培育20个战略性产业集群，形成新一代电子信息、绿色石化、智能家电、先进材料等8个万亿元级产业集群。广东省工业和信息化厅党组书记、厅长涂高坤称，接下来，广东将实施工业投资跃增计划，力争2023年广东全省工业投资实现10%以上增长。

　　广发证券全球首席经济学家沈明高认为，全省高质量发展大会传递一个重要信号是推动经济重回增长轨道，民营企业要关注这个大趋势，每家企业都应研究在质量变革、效率变革、动力变革上做好文章。

　　沈明高指出，数字技术是当代最重要的通用技术，其广泛应用将再造生产流程。他介绍道：“数字化有两大痛点，首先是无形资产的投入，欧美无形资产投资占整个投资的比重达到了40%；其次是标准化，只有标准化才能发挥规模优势，实现大规模的个性化生产。这两个痛点如何打通，对企业和整个行业的发展将带来实质性的影响。”

　　在广东省政府参事、广东省政协经济委员会原主任王珺看来，从短期看，当下政府出台了很多刺激消费的政策，随着经济秩序的逐步恢复，把主业做好做精就是企业最好的机会。他进一步指出，营商环境是中长期的重要内容，企业家敢于投资首先要对制度有信心，营商环境要逐步朝市场化、法治化、国际化方向优化，给投资提供信心支撑和制度保障。

　　制造业企业要实现高质量发展，核心在于创新。公开数据显示，2022年广东全省研发经费支出约4200亿元、占地区生产总值比重达3.26%。

　　“广东民营经济实现高质量发展，需要在科技创新、管理创新甚至是商务模式创新方面下功夫，应用数字技术进行转型升级，进入各自产业链的中高端。”广东省工商联主席陈志列指出，广东企业不能只做全国生意，要做全球生意，公司的财务报表、沟通语言、管理模式、人才等都需要国际化。

　　当前，广东持续狠抓工业投资和技改投资。广东省工业和信息化厅一级巡视员吴育光透露，该省将实施工业技术改造“双增”行动，2023年新推动9000家工业企业开展技术改造。

　　广东远光投资集团董事长蔡仲光表示，民营企业技改需要政府赋能，用财力撬动，推动制造业实现智能化，减轻生产成本，这样企业在全球竞争、行业竞争当中都有优势。(完)

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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.